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How-to: Purge Air from Coolant System Using Firewall T-fitting - PBR

122K views 73 replies 38 participants last post by  Old Navy  
#1 · (Edited by Moderator)
As it got colder and I was using the Heat, I found that it was not ‘Hot’ at Idle and following shutting the Engine I was able to hear the Air Bubbles traveling through the Heater Core. As this is a commonly discussed issue, I knew that it was an issue with Air in the Cooling System. With a bunch of reading, I decided the best method was the one that ‘rckev’ used. His method was to connect a Hose to the T-fitting on the Firewall. This is how I did mine.

The first time I did it, I just topped off the Reservoir to the Full Line and then connected the Hose. The first time didn’t work, because I think I ended up putting more Air in some how? I don’t know.

First step is to pick up the Coolant from your Nissan Dealership. Don’t be cheap or lazy and buy one that says ‘use with any color’ or ‘mixes with green’. It's not formulated the same. End of story. If you did use something else there is nothing I can say. I don’t know what will happen. Start you own thread and title it “Is This Bad?” or whatever you want. Maybe even search first.

Here is the Nissan Coolant:

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Say thank you to the Parts Dept Guy and swing by the Drugstore or Auto Parts Store on the way home. Pick up a Gallon of Distilled Water to mix the Coolant. This makes your One Gallon of Coolant into 50/50 mixed Two Gallons! About the same price as the premixed crap at the Auto Parts Store and correctly formulated.

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Stop by Home Depot or similar and pick up some Clear Plastic Tubing. I got a section of 5/16” Outer Diameter and 3/16” Inner Diameter Tube, but it was a little tight. You can also use 5/16” ID.

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OK, now its time to mix. I used a One-liter Seltzer Bottle and filled it Half and Half. If you have a clean 2-gallon Container that is re-sealable that would be ideal. You need something that would screw shut. A word of advise. Don’t use something that had anything in it, but water previously and wash out the container. You don’t want random chemicals and sediment in your Engine.

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Cut a section of Tube about 33” in length.

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Now we are ready to put on a coat and get to work. With the Engine Cold, open up the Radiator Cap and fill it to the top, then recap. I added a lot here, a little under a Liter. This is where I eat my words a bit. I thought that RIXterra had an issue when he used a Liter, but I ended up using 1.6!

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Once the Radiator is full, locate the T-fitting on the Passenger-side Firewall. It’s circled here; you can see the spilled Coolant dried up from last time.

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You need a pair of Pliers to remove the Clamp, once removed the Rubber Cap should slide up an off. I wasn’t worried about the Air getting in at this point or Coolant leaking out. Like I said before, the Tube was a little tight so I supported the fitting from underneath while pushing the Tube on from the top.

Run the Tube over to the Overflow Reservoir and top up the Reservoir to the Full Line. Make sure the end of the Hose is submerged in the Coolant. You don’t want to draw Air back into the system, (I think that was my issue the first time). You also want to keep it as low as possible to promote good flow. A long Tube or arching it will draw Air in from the Discharge End. It will end up looking like this:

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Start your Truck and set the Heat to Hottest and the Fan to Highest. Change the Mode to the Dash Vents so that you can feel the difference in Temperature. You will be able to see the Tubing between the Hood and Cowl. Watch the Air Bubbles and after it seems to stop, Rev the Engine a bit. It should produce some more Bubbles. I did this for about 20 Minutes, walking back and forth between watching the flow and Revving the Engine. I also squeezed the Coolant Lines a few times too. I actually missed being able to reach over to the Throttle Body and twist the Butterfly Valve by hand, oh well. You will feel the Air start to get Hotter.

I didn’t get any pictures of the Large Bubbles, but you can see here the stream of small ones. This seems to go on forever and truthfully mine wasn’t all Green when I decided to stop.

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After 15-20 Minutes of this I decided to top off the Radiator again. I removed the Cap and poured in almost a whole Second Liter before I realized that I was filling the Reservoir too. Luckily I noticed this before the Coolant overflowed. It worked out even better, because before I finished up I just redirected to Tube back into the Bottle, until the Level was correct in the Tank. This shows the Radiator fitting where the excess drains out to the Tank. Once the Tank starts to rise, return the Radiator Cap.

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I also shut the Engine off and listened for the Gurgling a few times to see how it was doing. After about ½ Hour I was satisfied for this occurrence. I have a feeling I will need to keep doing this till all the Air is flushed out. All the little Bubbles that the Water Pump turns into a Foam like state will recollect to big Bubbles over time.

To finish up, with the Engine running, I wiggled the Clear Tube all the way to the top of the fitting and then got the Cap ready up against it. I pulled the Hose and put on the Cap real quick then put the Clamp back on. This prevented Air from going back into the System. You will Spill a few drops, but I think its worth it.
Unfortunately I don’t have a picture of that since I only have two hands.

Shut down the Truck and your all done.

Not too bad right? Hopefully it puts an end to all the “Gurgling from the Dash’, ‘No Heat at Idle’, and ‘Heater Problem’ Threads that have popped up lately. Let me know if you guys have any questions.
 
#4 · (Edited by Moderator)
The Coolant flows from the Fitting to the Reservoir, but as far as whether, it is the Inlet or Outlet to the Heater Core, it is the Outlet going to the Radiator. In the below Diagram you can see that the bottom of the Reservoir actually connects to the other Firewall Fitting making a big Loop for the Heater Core:

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Stylish, I know.
 
#5 ·
great write up.... fyi/ at 128,000 miles , that valve you use to purge the system failed on my truck... it simply snaped off where the hose goes onto the plastic... while i went into panic trying to figure out what to do.... i did not realize that you simply remove that plastic valve/ and attach the hose directly onto the firewall fitting (metal) using the same clamps....

i took a piece of wood and plugged the hose and the plastic valve opening and was able to make it back to town.... i just replaced both of those valves... the one to the right , comes with that long tube....
 
#7 · (Edited)
Hmmm.... again, interesting. How fast is it flowing?

I'm almost thinking that you could make the fill and vent more efficient if you don't run the hose back to the reservoir. If you were to take your clear plastic hose, then string it as straight up in the air as high as you could get it and open to the atmosphere, then this would create a high point vent. The coolant may come up the hose a ways, maybe a couple of feet or more depending on the system pressure from the pump, but then so would the air and it'll vent straight out of the system right away.

I'd have to figure out how much pressure head there is from the pump at this location with the engine running... you wouldn't have system pressure from the heat because the reservoir cap is removed (and hopefully it's not enough heat to cause any departure from nucleate boiling and vaporize the coolant... causing more bubbles.)

Anyway, let's say the pressure head from the coolant pump at that point, with losses from all flow resistance in the heater core and pipe bends is about 2 psig. That would mean that you'd only have to have the open tube elevated 4.6 to 5 feet high and the pressure in the collumn will ensure that the coolant doesn't leak out... but the air in the system will go to this high point and vent out for sure. I doubt its 2 psig, its probably less.


Or, if you're really worried about not having it high enough to ensure that the coolant won't spurt out the open hose, then what I'd do is use a lot more hose, then elevate a peak in the center of the hose, say at the height of the open hood, then run it back to the open resevoir. Don't put the hose end under water though; too much siphon effect if you do. You want the entrained air bubbles to pop at the top of the loop, seperate from the liquid coolant that will gravity flow down to the reservoir... the air goes out, and the coolant falls into the pool in the tank... this requires enough volume inside the tube though, or some means of breaking the siphon vacuum such as having a small vent hole at the top of the loop.. maybe a couple of pin pricks on the top of the tube. If you don't, then the air bubbles will stay entrained in the coolant and may actually make it around through the system again and again before finally venting out. Where you have it venting out now is at the reservoir, which isn't really that elevated compared to the rest of the system.

Please bear in mind that I can't but help look for ways to improve methods. That's what I do as an engineer. I've also had lots of experience in filling and venting large water systems in nuclear power plants with heat exchangers, pumps, valves, and lots of pipe. The key to success is always seeking the highest vent point you can get. 1 psig = 2.3 feet of elevation.

I have to change my coolant before spring, and I think I still have a sentitive (0 - 10 psig) pressure gauge in my garage somewhere, so I'll take a look sometime and measure the pressure here with the engine running at idle and with the resevoir cap off before I change my coolant. As long as the coolant pressure there is less than about 2.6 psig I'll be in business for just stringing a high point vent in my garage. Else I'll do it as written, except keeping the hose end out of the water in the reservoir so the air bubbles pop and immediately vent off and doesn't get (as) entrained.
 
#10 ·
Hmmm.... again, interesting. How fast is it flowing?
Varies with engine speed but with low pressure at almost all times.

I'm almost thinking that you could make the fill and vent more efficient if you don't run the hose back to the reservoir. If you were to take your clear plastic hose, then string it as straight up in the air as high as you could get it and open to the atmosphere, then this would create a high point vent. The coolant may come up the hose a ways, maybe a couple of feet or more depending on the system pressure from the pump, but then so would the air and it'll vent straight out of the system right away.
Its possible but then you also run the risk of pulling air back in rather then just siphoning coolant from the reservoir which is what happened to me the first time. I see what you mean thought.

Anyway, let's say the pressure head from the coolant pump at that point, with losses from all flow resistance in the heater core and pipe bends is about 2 psig. That would mean that you'd only have to have the open tube elevated 4.6 to 5 feet high and the pressure in the collumn will ensure that the coolant doesn't leak out... but the air in the system will go to this high point and vent out for sure. I doubt its 2 psig, its probably less.
Your over my head with the math and probably the tube too :)
I have to change my coolant before spring, and I think I still have a sentitive (0 - 10 psig) pressure gauge in my garage somewhere, so I'll take a look sometime and measure the pressure here with the engine running at idle and with the resevoir cap off before I change my coolant. As long as the coolant pressure there is less than about 2.6 psig I'll be in business for just stringing a high point vent in my garage. Else I'll do it as written, except keeping the hose end out of the water in the reservoir so the air bubbles pop and immediately vent off and doesn't get (as) entrained.
Looking forward to seeing how it goes. Should be interesting.

As for the volume, I only used a few quarts but buying a gallon of coolant and a gallon of distilled water yields you two gallons of coolant. Since I didn't do the whole flush didnt need all of it.......maybe when it gets warm...
 
#12 ·
i read about oil catch cans..... and used a filter made for compressor to remove water from the air system...... this was due to how bad my intake was when i had it cleaned and it was covered internally with oil residue.... it fills up every 10 to 14 days.. i keep a motor oil container in my truck and collect all the oil removed to be taken to shop for proper disposal. i like the way it works and it makes me check my fluids everytime i drain it and also check the battery water level since the heat makes it vaporize over months.
 
#21 ·
Same problem with mine. (No heat at idle). I bought Nissan coolant, distilled water, and the tubing. Opened the hood and I don't have the T-fitting as shown above. So I just added coolant to the radiator. I will see if my heat issue is fixed.

P.S. I was surprised when I found out Nissan Coolant was $26. Is that the right price or did the parts department screw me?
 
#35 ·
Time for me to do this again, it's 16 today and idle is killing me. I'm guessing air just traps itself in there. Oh well.

P.S. I was surprised when I found out Nissan Coolant was $26. Is that the right price or did the parts department screw me?
Don't forget, once you mix it you are on par with the one gallon premixed stuff at $13
 
#25 ·
Well I did this, this morning and let her ran for a total of about 30 minutes. It seemed like everytime it would start to run clean with no air bubbles, I could get in and rev it up for a few and then get out and look and there would be more bubbles and it took a couple more minutes for these to disappear. This went on and on until I finally had to pack things up and head up the road for something. Any thoughts on this? I will try in the morning to start her up and see if I get hot air at idle or not to see if this helped.

And I couldn't get the 3/16" ID hose to work, had to get the 5/16" hose and it worked perfect...just thought I would let anyone else know that is going to do this.